Anatomical model for training aid for learning reduction techniques and a method for learning the reduction techniques using the anatomical model for training aid

ABSTRACT

A method for learning reduction techniques using an anatomical model for training aid enabling the learning of reduction techniques without performing reduction on an actual patient is provided. The method for learning the reduction techniques uses the anatomical model for training aid which comprises bone members having shapes similar to human bones and a soft member covering the bone members, the bone members comprising a first bone member and a second bone member, either one of the first bone member or the second bone member being provided with a magnet and the other being provided with a magnet material, and has two connection statuses including a normal connection status where the first bone member and the second bone member are connected in a status similar to a normal connection status of human bones and an abnormal connection status where they are connected in a status different from the normal connection status of human bones, wherein the method for learning the reduction techniques comprises a step of arranging the first bone member and the second bone member into the abnormal connection status and a step of applying reduction performances to the bone members in the abnormal connection status to move them into the normal connection status.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/811,890, filed on Jan. 23, 2013, which claims priority to PCTApplication No. PCT/JP2011/065969, filed on Jul. 13, 2011, which furtherclaims priority to Japanese Application No. 2010-166478 filed on Jul.23, 2010, the contents of which in their entireties, are hereinincorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an anatomical model for training aidfor learning reduction techniques and a method for learning thereduction techniques using the anatomical model for training aid.

BACKGROUND ART

Since the time when there was no X-ray examination or anesthetictechniques, treatment with Judo therapy has been widely practiced as amethod of treating bone fractures and dislocations. Judo therapy is amedical practice classified under Eastern medicine, and is of greatimportance even in modern times as a technique of treating a bonefracture not too severe to require surgical operation orhospitalization, or dislocation. In addition, because treatment withJudo therapy does not involve anesthetizing, the treatment can bepainful, but a highly skilled Judo therapist can treat effectively,quickly and carefully to minimize the pain. Judo therapy is alsoeffective in giving first aid for sports and at scenes of an accidentand a disaster. Judo therapy is no less excellent a treatment methodthan orthopedic treatment of Western medicine which is based on medicalequipments in medical facilities and treatment under anesthesia.

Becoming a Judo therapist performing aforementioned Judo therapyrequires attending a vocational school, etc. for training Judotherapists in order to learn reduction techniques. Reduction techniquesgreatly involve sensing such as visual and tactile senses and thus atrainee learns the techniques by watching a trainer performing reductionon an actual patient with a fracture or a dislocation in a clinicalsetting or by actually performing reduction on his own. However, inrecent years, since the number of Judo therapy schools increased becauseof deregulation and the number of the students increased rapidly, thereare less opportunities for trainees to actually perform reduction onpatients in a clinical setting, and as a result, the number of Judotherapists who have not been able to learn sufficient reductiontechniques has been increasing. In addition, when a trainee withoutreduction techniques performs reduction on a patient in practicaltraining, the reduction can bring uneasiness or pain to the patient.

As described above, these days, Judo therapy schools are struggling tofigure out how to train highly skilled Judo therapists, which is anissue not only for Judo therapy schools but is becoming prominent as asignificant problem in Judo therapy industry and eventually on themedical front in Japan. Inventors suggest an anatomical model fortraining aid for learning reduction techniques aimed for reducing afracture of a distal end of a radius to solve this problem (PatentDocument 1). However, in the fields of Eastern medicine where Judotherapy or the like is representative, it is a current situation thatthere is no method of learning reduction techniques enabling anexperience similar to actual treatment of a patient with a fracture or adislocation and being applicable to various symptoms of fractures anddislocations. Moreover, there has been a demand for an anatomical modelfor training aids for more purposes and improvement thereof.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENT Patent Document

Patent Document 1: JP 3144317 U

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problem to be Solved by the Invention

The present invention has been made in the light of the aforementionedconventional problems, and the object of the present invention is toprovide an anatomical model for training aid for learning reductiontechniques which allows learning of reduction technique withoutperforming reduction on an actual patient by reproducing symptomssimilar to actual fracture and dislocation on the anatomical model fortraining aid and a method of learning the reduction techniques by usingthe anatomical model for training aid.

Means to Solve the Problem

A method for learning reduction techniques of the present invention usesan anatomical model for training aid which comprises at least one ormore hard bone members having shapes similar to human bones and a softmember covering the bone members, at least one of the bone memberscomprising a first bone member and a second bone member separated fromand adjacent to each other, either one of the first bone member or thesecond bone member being at least partially provided with a magnet andthe other being provided with a magnetic material in at least a part ofor in the vicinity of its site contacting the former one, and has atleast two connection statuses, i.e. a normal connection status where thefirst bone member and the second bone member are connected in a statussimilar to a normal connection status of human bones and an abnormalconnection status where they are connected in a status different fromthe normal connection status of human bones, wherein the method forlearning the reduction techniques is characterized by comprising a stepof arranging the first bone member and the second bone member of theanatomical model for training aid into the abnormal connection statusand a reduction step of applying reduction performance to the bonemembers in the abnormal connection status to move them into the normalconnection status.

A method for learning a reduction technique for shoulder jointdislocation of the present invention uses an anatomical model fortraining aid which comprises hard bone members comprising at least ahumerus member, a scapula member, a clavicle member and a thorax memberhaving arrangement relationship similar to human bones and a soft membercovering the bone members, the humerus member and the scapula memberbeing adjacent to each other, a head of the humerus member beingprovided with a magnet while a glenoid fossa of the scapula member beingat least partially formed of a magnetic material or the head of thehumerus member being provided with a magnetic material while the glenoidfossa of the scapula member being at least partially provided with amagnet, the scapula member and the clavicle member being fixed coupled,the clavicle member and the thorax member being movably connected toeach other, the scapula member and the thorax member being movablyconnected to each other or fixed coupled, and has at least twoconnection statuses, i.e. a normal connection status where the humerusmember and the scapula member are connected in a status similar to anormal connection relationship of human bones and an abnormal connectionstatus where they are connected in a status similar to shoulder jointdislocation, wherein the method for the reduction technique ischaracterized by comprising a step of arranging the humerus member andthe scapula member into the abnormal connection status, a step ofapplying descending traction to the humerus member and applying at leastone or more reduction performances from elevation, depression movement,abduction movement, adduction movement, inferior rotation and superiorrotation to the scapula member so as to move the humerus member from theabnormal connection status into the normal connection status, and a stepof fixing the scapula member and applying at least one or more reductionperformances from flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, externalrotation, internal rotation and traction to the humerus member so as tomove the scapula member from the abnormal connection status into thenormal connection status.

A method for learning a reduction technique for typical displacement ofclavicle fracture of the present invention uses an anatomical model fortraining aid which comprises hard bone members comprising at least ahumerus member, a scapula member, a clavicle member and a thorax memberhaving arrangement relationship similar to human bones and a soft membercovering the bone members, the humerus member and the scapula memberbeing movably connected to each other, the scapula member and theclavicle member being fixed coupled, the clavicle member and the thoraxmember being movably connected to each other, the scapula member and thethorax member being movably connected to each other or fixed coupled,the clavicle member comprising a proximal fragment member and a distalfragment member separated in the middle third (at the junction of middleand outer thirds) of the clavicle member and contacting each other, anda site of the proximal fragment member contacting the distal fragmentmember being at least partially formed of a magnetic material while aside of the distal fragment member contacting the proximal fragmentmember being provided with a magnet or a side of the proximal fragmentmember contacting the distal fragment member being provided with amagnet while a site of the distal fragment member contacting theproximal fragment member being at least partially formed of a magneticmaterial, and has at least two connection statuses, i.e. a normalconnection status where the proximal fragment member and the distalfragment member are connected so as to have the same shape as a normalclavicle and an abnormal connection status where they are connected in astatus similar to typical displacement of clavicle fracture, wherein themethod for learning the reduction technique is characterized bycomprising a step of arranging the proximal fragment member and thedistal fragment member of the clavicle member into the abnormalconnection status, a step of applying at least one or more reductionperformances from flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, externalrotation, internal rotation and traction to the humerus member to moveit into the normal connection status, a step of applying at least one ormore reduction performances from elevation, depression movement,abduction movement, adduction movement, inferior rotation and superiorrotation to the scapula member to move it into the normal connectionstatus, a step of applying at least one or more reduction performancesfrom fixation, elevation, rotation, horizontal flexion and extension tothe proximal fragment member of the clavicle member to move it into thenormal connection status, and a step of applying reduction performanceof direct pressure to the both ends of the proximal fragment member anddistal fragment member of the clavicle member to move them into thenormal connection status.

An anatomical model for training aid for learning a reduction techniquefor shoulder joint dislocation of the present invention is characterizedby comprising hard bone members comprising at least a humerus member, ascapula member, a clavicle member and a thorax member having arrangementrelationship similar to human bones, and a soft member covering the bonemembers, wherein the humerus member and scapula member are adjacent toeach other, a head of the humerus member is provided with a magnet whilea glenoid fossa of the scapula member is at least partially formed of amagnetic material or the head of humerus member is provided with amagnetic material while the glenoid fossa of the scapula member is atleast partially provided with a magnet, the scapula member and theclavicle member are fixed coupled, the clavicle member and the thoraxmember are movably connected to each other, the scapula member and thethorax member are movably connected to each other or fixed coupled, andthere are at least two connection statuses, i.e. a normal connectionstatus where the humerus member and the scapula member are connected ina status similar to normal connection relationship of human bones, andan abnormal connection status where they are connected in a statussimilar to shoulder joint dislocation.

An anatomical model for training aid for learning a reduction techniquefor typical displacement of clavicle fracture of the present inventionis characterized by comprising hard bone members comprising at least ahumerus member, a scapula member, a clavicle member and a thorax memberhaving arrangement relationship similar to human bones, and a softmember covering the bone members, wherein the humerus member and thescapula member are movably connected to each other, the scapula memberand the clavicle member are fixed coupled, the clavicle member and thethorax member are movably connected to each other, the scapula memberand the thorax member are movably connected to each other or fixedcoupled, the clavicle member comprises a proximal fragment member and adistal fragment member separated in the middle third (at the junction ofmiddle and outer thirds) of the clavicle member and adjacent to eachother, a site of the proximal fragment member contacting the distalfragment member is at least partially formed of a magnetic materialwhile a side of the distal fragment member contacting the proximalfragment member is provided with a magnet or a side of the proximalfragment member contacting the distal fragment member is provided with amagnet while a site of the distal fragment member contacting theproximal fragment member is at least partially formed of a magneticmaterial, and there are at least two connection statuses, i.e. a normalconnection status where the proximal fragment member and the distalfragment member are connected so as to have the same shape as a normalclavicle, and an abnormal connection status where they are connected ina status similar to typical displacement of clavicle fracture.

An anatomical model for training aid for learning a reduction techniquefor supracondylar fracture of a humerus of the present invention ischaracterized by comprising hard bone members comprising at least ahumerus member, a forearm bone member, and a carpal, metacarpal andphalange member having arrangement relationship similar to human bones,and a soft member covering the bone members, wherein the humerus memberand the forearm bone member are movably connected to each other, theforearm bone member and the carpal, metacarpal and phalange member aremovably connected to each other, the humerus member is composed of aproximal fragment member and a distal fragment member separated aboveand in the vicinity of epicondylus medialis humeri and epicondyluslateralis humeri at the distal end of the humerus and contacting eachother, a site of the proximal fragment member contacting the distalfragment member is at least partially formed of a magnetic materialwhile a side of the distal fragment member contacting the proximalfragment member is provided with a magnet or a side of the proximalfragment member contacting the distal fragment member is provided with amagnet while a site of the distal fragment member contacting theproximal fragment member is at least partially formed of a magneticmaterial, and there are at least two connection statuses, i.e. a normalconnection status where the proximal fragment member and the distalfragment member are connected so as to have the same shape as a normalhumerus, and an abnormal connection status where they are connected in astatus similar to supracondylar fracture of a humerus.

A method for learning a reduction technique for supracondylar fractureof the humerus of the present invention uses an anatomical model fortraining aid which comprises hard bone members comprising at least ahumerus member, a forearm bone member, and a carpal, metacarpal andphalange member having arrangement relationship similar to human bones,and a soft member covering the bone members, the humerus member andforearm bone member being movably connected to each other, the forearmbone member and the carpal, metacarpal and phalange member being movablyconnected to each other, the humerus member being composed of a proximalfragment member and a distal fragment member separated above and in thevicinity of an epicondylus medialis humeri and an epicondylus lateralishumeri at a distal end of the humerus and contacting each other, a siteof the proximal fragment member contacting the distal fragment memberbeing at least partially formed of a magnetic material while a side ofthe distal fragment member contacting the proximal fragment member beingprovided with a magnet or a side of the proximal fragment membercontacting the distal fragment member being provided with a magnet whilea site of the distal fragment member contacting the proximal fragmentmember being at least partially formed of a magnetic material, and therebeing at least two connection statuses, i.e. a normal connection statuswhere the proximal fragment member and the distal fragment member areconnected so as to have the same shape as a normal humerus, and anabnormal connection status where they are connected in a status similarto supracondylar fracture of a humerus, wherein the method for learningthe reduction technique is characterized by comprising a step ofarranging the proximal fragment member and the distal fragment member ofthe humerus member into the abnormal connection status and a step offixing the proximal fragment member and applying at least one or morereduction performances from traction, medial movement, lateral movement,internal rotation, external rotation, anterior movement and posteriormovement to the distal fragment member so as to move them into thenormal connection status.

An anatomical model for training aid for learning a reduction techniquefor anterior temporomandibular joint dislocation of the presentinvention is characterized by comprising hard bone members comprising atleast a connected skull member and a mandibular member havingarrangement relationship similar to human bones, and a soft membercovering the bone members, wherein the connected skull member and themandibular member are movably connected to each other, a site of theconnected skull member contacting the mandibular member is at leastpartially formed of a magnetic material while a side of the mandibularmember contacting the connected skull member is provided with a magnetor a side of the connected skull member contacting the mandibular memberis provided with a magnet while a site of the mandibular membercontacting the connected skull member is at least partially formed of amagnetic material, and there are at least two connection statuses, i.e.a normal connection status where the connected skull member and themandibular member are connected so as to have the same shape as a normaltemporomandibular joint and an abnormal connection status where they areconnected in a status similar to anterior temporomandibular jointdislocation.

In addition, it is preferred that the anatomical model for training aidfurther comprises an articular disc member between the connected skullmember and the mandibular member, the connected skull member and thearticular disc member being movably connected to each other, themandibular member and the articular disc member being movableindependently from each other, a site of the connected skull membercontacting the articular disc member being at least partially formed ofa magnetic material while a side of the articular disc member contactingthe connected skull member being provided with a magnet or a side of theconnected skull member contacting the articular disc member beingprovided with a magnet while a site of the articular disc membercontacting the connected skull member being at least partially formed ofa magnetic material, and there being at least two connection statuses,i.e. a normal connection status where the connected skull member and thearticular disc member are connected so as to have the same shape as anormal temporomandibular joint, and an abnormal connection status wherethey are connected in a status similar to anterior temporomandibularjoint dislocation.

The method for learning the reduction technique for anteriortemporomandibular joint dislocation of the present invention uses theanatomical model for training aid which comprises hard bone memberscomprising at least the connected skull member and the mandibular memberhaving arrangement relationship similar to human bones, and the softmember covering the bone members, the connected skull member and themandibular member being movably connected to each other, a site of theconnected skull member contacting the mandibular member being at leastpartially formed of a magnetic material while a side of the mandibularmember contacting the connected skull member being provided with amagnet or a side of the connected skull member contacting the mandibularmember being provided with a magnet while a site of the mandibularmember contacting the connected skull member being at least partiallyformed of a magnetic material, and has at least two connection statuses,i.e. a normal connection status where the connected skull member and themandibular member are connected so as to have the same shape as a normaltemporomandibular joint, and an abnormal connection status where theyare connected in a status similar to anterior temporomandibular jointdislocation, wherein the method for learning the reduction technique ischaracterized by comprising a step of arranging the connected skullmember and the mandibular member into the abnormal connection status,and a step of applying at least one or more reduction performances fromanterior movement, posterior movement, superior movement, inferiormovement, rightward movement and leftward movement to the mandibularmember relative to the connected skull member or applying at least oneor more reduction performances from rightward movement, leftwardmovement, superior movement, inferior movement, right lateral flexionand left lateral flexion to a facial surface part of the connected skullmember relative to the mandibular member so as to move those bonemembers into the normal connection status.

Effects of the Invention

Because symptoms similar to actual fracture and dislocation can bereproduced on an anatomical model for training aid to apply reductionperformances according to the method of learning reduction techniques ofthe present invention, it is possible to learn reduction techniqueswithout performing reduction on an actual patient and to improvereduction techniques of Judo therapists. In addition, because theanatomical model for training aid for learning reduction technique ofthe present invention, not like actual treatment of a patient, makes itpossible to perform reduction any number of times, the motion that canbe experienced only once in an actual patient treatment can be practicedrepeatedly any number of times. In addition, uneasiness and pain of apatient caused by the reduction by a poorly skilled Judo therapist ortrainee can be diminished or removed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 A schematic front view of an anatomical model for training aidfor learning reduction technique for shoulder joint dislocationaccording to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 A schematic front view of a soft member of the anatomical modelfor training aid of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 A schematic cross-sectional view showing the inside of theanatomical model for training aid of FIG. 1 from the front, being a viewshowing a status of bone members arranged in an abnormal connectionstatus.

FIG. 4 A view corresponding to FIG. 3, showing a status of the bonemembers arranged in a normal connection status.

FIG. 5 A schematic explanatory view of a status of an exposed inside ofa head of a humerus member of FIG. 3, as seen from the front.

FIG. 6 A schematic explanatory view of the humerus member of FIG. 5, asseen from the side.

FIG. 7 A schematic view of a scapula member of FIG. 3, as seendiagonally from the front.

FIG. 8 A schematic view of the scapula member of FIG. 7, as seen fromthe back.

FIG. 9 An enlarged explanatory view of a connection site between aclavicle member and a sternum member of FIG. 3, as seen from the front.

FIG. 10 A schematic explanatory view of the connection site of theclavicle member and the sternum member of FIG. 9, as seen from above.

FIG. 11 A schematic explanatory view for explaining a connection statusbetween the scapula member and a rib member of FIG. 3, being a view ofthe scapula member as seen diagonally from the front.

FIG. 12 A schematic lateral cross-sectional view for explaining theconnection status between the scapula member and the rib member of FIG.3.

FIG. 13 A schematic perspective view of a humerus member of ananatomical model for training aid for learning a reduction technique forshoulder joint dislocation according to a third embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 14 A schematic cross-sectional view showing from the front theinside of an anatomical model for training aid for learning a reductiontechnique for typical displacement of clavicle fracture according to afourth embodiment of the present invention, showing a status of bonemembers arranged in an abnormal connection status.

FIG. 15 A view corresponding to FIG. 14, showing a status of the bonemembers arranged in a normal connection status.

FIG. 16 A schematic top view of a clavicle member of FIG. 14.

FIG. 17 A schematic front view of the clavicle member FIG. 16.

FIG. 18 A view corresponding to FIG. 17, showing an abnormal connectionstatus of a proximal fragment member and a distal fragment member of theclavicle member.

FIG. 19 A schematic lateral cross-sectional view of the distal fragmentmember of FIG. 16.

FIG. 20 A schematic lateral cross-sectional view of the proximalfragment member of FIG. 16

FIG. 21 A longitudinal cross-sectional view of the clavicle member ofFIG. 16.

FIG. 22 A schematic top view of a clavicle member of an anatomical modelfor training aid for learning a reduction technique for typicaldisplacement of clavicle fracture according to a fifth embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 23 A schematic front view of the clavicle member of FIG. 22.

FIG. 24 A view corresponding to FIG. 23, showing an abnormal connectionstatus of a proximal fragment member and a distal fragment member of theclavicle member.

FIG. 25 A schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a claviclemember of an anatomical model for training aid for learning a reductiontechnique for typical displacement of clavicle fracture according to asixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 A schematic side view of a proximal fragment member and a distalfragment member of a humerus member of an anatomical model for trainingaid for learning a reduction technique for supracondylar fracture of thehumerus according to seventh embodiment of the present invention beingin a normal connection status.

FIG. 27 A schematic lateral cross-sectional view of the proximalfragment member of FIG. 26.

FIG. 28 A schematic side view of the proximal fragment member and distalfragment member of FIG. 26 being in a status of an extension typefracture.

FIG. 29 A schematic side view of the proximal fragment member and thedistal fragment member of FIG. 26 being in a status of a flexion typefracture.

FIG. 30 A schematic side view of a connected skull member and amandibular member of an anatomical model for training aid for learning areduction technique for anterior temporomandibular joint dislocationaccording to a ninth embodiment of the present invention being in anormal connection status.

FIG. 31 A schematic side view of the connected skull member and themandibular member of FIG. 30 being in a status of anteriortemporomandibular joint dislocation.

FIG. 32 A schematic side view of the connected skull member and anarticular disc member of an anatomical model for training aid forlearning a reduction technique for anterior temporomandibular jointdislocation according to a tenth embodiment of the present inventionbeing in a normal connection status.

FIG. 33 A schematic side view of the connected skull member and thearticular disc member of FIG. 32 being in a status of anteriortemporomandibular joint dislocation.

EMBODIMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

An anatomical model for training aid for learning reduction techniquesaccording to embodiments of the present invention and a method oflearning the reduction techniques using the anatomical model fortraining aid will be described in details below in accordance withattached drawings.

A first embodiment of the present invention relates to an anatomicalmodel for training aid for learning a reduction technique for shoulderjoint dislocation and a method of learning the reduction technique usingthe same. Before starting to describe the first embodiment, shoulderjoint dislocation assumed in this embodiment will be explained briefly.Dislocation refers to a condition where an articular end constituting ajoint is completely or incompletely displaced from its normal anatomicstatus such that physiological relative relation among the articularsurfaces is lost. Dislocation falls into the classifications oftraumatic dislocation, congenital dislocation and pathologicdislocation, and among them, shoulder joint dislocation in thisembodiment is directed to frequently occurring traumatic dislocation.Traumatic dislocation is defined as a condition where one of articularends comes out of its joint through a tear of a joint capsule torn bythe articular end when the joint is forced to move beyond itsphysiological range by an external force. It is shoulder jointdislocation that occurs most frequently among the traumaticdislocations.

Shoulder joint dislocation is further classified into anteriordislocation (subcoracoid dislocation or subclavian dislocation),posterior dislocation (subacromial dislocation or subspinousdislocation), inferior dislocation (axillary dislocation or subglenoiddislocation) and superior dislocation (epicoracoid dislocation), butsubcoracoid dislocation under the category of anterior dislocation ismostly the case, and therefore, subcoracoid dislocation is to be reducedin the first embodiment of the present invention. In this regard,however, shoulder joint dislocation in the present invention is notlimited to subcoracoid dislocation.

For easy understanding of the first embodiment, occurrence mechanism,symptoms and typical reduction method of subcoracoid shoulder jointdislocation will be described.

(Occurrence Mechanism)

Subcoracoid shoulder joint dislocation occurs due to (a) a directexternal force from behind, (b) an indirect external force exertingexcessive extension force on a shoulder joint when a palm is struck froma crash or a fall, (c) an indirect external force by a greatertuberosity serving as a pivot point of a lever when striking a superioredge of a glenoid fossa or an acrominon due to excessive abduction ofshoulder joint, or (d) an indirect external force from one's own musclestrength such as during throwing an object.

(Symptoms)

The symptoms are a shoulder joint abducted about 30°, resulting in ahumerus shaft presenting slightly abducted and internally rotatedposition, in addition, a deltoid region losing its prominence, anacrominon forming a horn-shaped protrusion, loss of deltopectoraltriangle, furthermore, a hollow region created beneath acrominon, a bonehead tactilely sensible beneath a coracoid process (abnormal alignmentof the bone head), and furthermore, the humerus in a slightly abductedposition, when attached to a chest wall and then released, returning tothe original position immediately (elastic fixation).

(Reduction Method)

A method of reduction by Kocher's method will be briefly described.First, (1) a humerus in a lightly abducted position is brought close toa lateral chest wall while applying distal traction (adduction) in alongitudinal direction of the humerus. Secondly, (2) the humerus(shoulder joint) is externally rotated while maintaining the distaltraction. Moreover, (3) while bringing an elbow close to a median planein a manner to slide it over an anterior chest wall (adduction) withouteasing the traction but with the externally rotated position maintained,flexion (anterior elevation) is applied. Finally, (4) internal rotationis applied such that a palm of an affected side passes in front of andpast a face and reaches a side of tendon. Subcoracoid shoulder jointdislocation is treated by this reduction method.

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of an anatomical model for training aidfor learning the reduction technique for shoulder joint dislocationaccording to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is aschematic front view of a soft member of the anatomical model fortraining aid of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional viewshowing from the front the inside of the anatomical model for trainingaid of FIG. 1, showing the status of bone members arranged in anabnormal connection status, and FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG.3, showing the status of the bone members arranged in a normalconnection status.

As shown in those drawings, the anatomical model for training aid 1 forlearning the reduction technique for shoulder joint dislocationaccording to the first embodiment of the present invention (hereinafterreferred to as anatomical model for training aid 1) is a whole-bodyanatomical model, and comprises a soft member 2 covering upper half ofthe body and bone members 3 constituting a skeleton of the anatomicalmodel for training aid 1. In this regard, the anatomical model fortraining aid 1 only has to be provided with at least a humerus member10, a scapula member 11, a clavicle member 12 and a thorax membernecessary for reduction of shoulder joint dislocation, and not limitedto a whole-body anatomical model.

The soft member 2 reproduces soft tissue of a human body, and it is ahollow member covering the bone members 3 as shown in FIG. 3. In thisregard, soft tissue is a concept including skin, subcutaneous fat,muscles and other tissues of a human body except for bones. The softmember 2 is not especially limited as long as it has a texture similarto the one of skin or muscles of a human body, and it is preferably madeof rubber material which is soft when touched and the feel of which issimilar to the one of soft tissue of a human body.

In addition, it is preferred that the soft member 2 is made oftransparent rubber material. While opaque rubber material has anadvantage of making it possible to learn a reduction technique in astatus closer to actual reduction because the status of the internalbone members 3 can not be visually perceived, transparent rubbermaterial has an advantage of making it possible to check the movement ofthe internal bone members 3 and understand the relation betweenreduction performance and movement of bones.

As shown in FIG. 2, the soft member 2 has a region corresponding to atorso of a human body and a region corresponding to an arm of the sidewhere shoulder joint dislocation is reproduced (right arm part in FIG.2), and a site corresponding to a cervical region and a sitecorresponding to a base of the arm of the side opposite to the onereproducing shoulder joint dislocation (base of left arm in FIG. 2) areprovided with openings for inserting bone members 3 constituting theinternal structure of the anatomical model for training aid 1. Inaddition, the soft member 2 is configured to be separated on the sideopposite to the one reproducing shoulder joint dislocation into ananterior aspect (ventral side) and a posterior aspect (back side) suchthat it can be opened. In particular, a region from shoulder section toa flank section of the soft member 2 is separated into the anterioraspect and the posterior aspect, which makes it possible to mount thesoft member 2 on the bone members 3 as if putting on clothes by puttingthe bone members 3 of the anatomical model for training aid 1 of theside reproducing shoulder joint dislocation from the open site of thesoft member 2.

The soft member 2 is mounted in a manner that the anterior aspect andthe posterior aspect are attached removably by attachment parts 6 a, 6 badhered to the separated shoulder section and the flank section so as tomaintain the status where it covers the bone member 3. The attachmentparts 6 a, 6 b are not especially limited as long as they can attachremovably, and velcro (trademark) strips or zippers can be used. Usingvelcro strips, above all, is preferable in that it makes it possible tomount the soft member 2 on the bone members 3 easily and quickly, anddoes not impair flexibility of the soft member 2.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the bone members 3 comprises at least thehumerus member 10, the scapula member 11, the clavicle member 12 and thethorax member. The thorax member comprises at least a spine member (notillustrated because it is located in the posterior aspect of a sternummember 17), a rib member 16 and the sternum member 17. It is preferredthat each of those bone members 3 has a shape and arrangementrelationship similar to the ones of human bones such that actualreduction techniques can be learned. In other words, the humerus member10 and the scapula member 11 are connected in a manner that a head 20 ofthe humerus member 10 and a glenoid fossa 21 of the scapula member 11are movably connected at a site corresponding to a shoulder joint(scapulohumeral joint) of a human body. In addition, the scapula member11 and the clavicle member 12 are connected at a site corresponding toan acromioclavicular joint of a human body, the sternum member 17 andthe clavicle member 12 are connected at a site corresponding to asternoclavicular joint of a human body, and the scapula member 11 andthe rib member 16 are connected at a site corresponding to ascapulothoracic joint of a human body.

In addition, the bone members 3 configured in this way have the samemovability range as the range of motion of a human body. This allows thesame movement as a human body to be reproduced on the anatomical modelfor training aid 1, enabling the creation of a status even closer toactual reduction performance. Respective bone members 3 are, except asespecially described below, movably coupled to one another at sitescorresponding to joints of a human body by wires, springs or rubbers,etc., and because of biasing force of an elastic body such as springsand rubbers, etc., the same movements as the ones of a human body and asense of resistance to such movements are reproduced.

Material of the bone members 3 is not especially limited as long as itcan reproduce the texture of human bones, and it is preferred that,except as especially described below, they are made of metal such asstainless, iron, copper and aluminum because they are easy to processinto shapes of human bones, and it is preferred that they are made ofsynthetic resin such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride), FRP or wood becausethey are light in weight.

FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory view of a status of the exposed insideof the head of the humerus member of FIG. 3, as seen from the front.FIG. 6 is a schematic explanatory view of the humerus member of FIG. 5,as seen from the side.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the humerus member 10 is composed of proximalhumerus members 25 a, 25 b bisected parallel to a longitudinal directionand fixed with one placed on the other, and a humerus shaft member 26fixed with its one end sandwiched between the proximal humerus members25 a, 25 b. Hemispherical concave portions are formed individuallyinside the heads 20 of the proximal humerus members 25 a, 25 b, and aspherical space is formed inside the head 20 of the humerus member 10 byputting the proximal humerus members 25 a, 25 b together. The proximalhumerus members 25 a, 25 b have a plurality of engagement convexportions 28 formed on one of their facing surfaces, and the othersurface has a plurality of engagement concave portions 29 formed at thepositions corresponding to the engagement convex portions 28. By puttingthe proximal humerus members 25 a, 25 b together and engaging theengagement convex portions 28 into the engagement concave portion 29,both can be fixed detachably. It is preferred that the material of theproximal humerus members 25 a, 25 b is stainless or iron, and it ispreferred that the material of the humerus shaft member 26 is syntheticresin such as PVC. In this regard, the diameter of the head 20 formedinto a sphere is not especially limited, but it is preferably 35-55 mm,more preferably 40-50 mm, and most preferably 43-47 mm.

A ball-shaped magnet 27 to reproduce static attachment for a normalposition or a dislocated position, or a sense of resistance of muscleduring reduction is arranged inside this spherical space formed insidethe head 20 of the humerus member 10. The size of this magnet 27 variesdepending on the size of the head 20 of the humerus member 10, but it ispreferably 10-40 mm in diameter, more preferably 15-38 mm, and mostpreferably 20-36 mm. In addition, the kind of this magnet 2 can beferrite magnet or permanent magnet such as neodymium magnet, but it ispreferred to use neodymium magnet among all. The magnetic force of themagnet 27 is not especially limited, but in the light of reproducing thesense of resistance at the same level as the one of muscle or tendon ina human body, it is preferably 5800-7700 gauss, more preferably6000-7500 gauss, and most preferably 7500-7500 gauss.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the scapula member of FIG. 3 as seendiagonally from the front, and FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the scapulamember of FIG. 7 as seen from the back.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the scapula member 11 has a circulararticular labrum member 30, corresponding to an articular labrum of ahuman body, fixed to the glenoid fossa 21 serving as a coupling sitewith the humerus member 10, and has a magnetic material 31 fixed on thearticular labrum member 30. At least the glenoid fossa 21 and itsvicinity should be formed of a magnetic material such that the scapulamember 11 is attracted to the magnet 27 of the humerus member 10, theglenoid fossa 21 has a magnetic material 31 having a form of asubstantially circular plate fixed thereto by a screw or adhesive, and amagnetic material in the form of a plate (not illustrated) is fixedsubstantially all over the anterior aspect and posterior aspect of thescapula member 11 with a screw or adhesive in a manner to follow theshape of the scapula member 11. In this embodiment, the anterior aspectof the scapula member 11, although not especially illustrated, is formedof a magnetic material at a site adjacent to the head 20 of the humerusmember 10 in an abnormal connection status described below and a siteadjacent to the rib member 16. In addition, the posterior aspect of thescapula member 11 is formed of a magnetic material below a sitecorresponding to a scapular spine of a human body, which is a siteadjacent to the head 20 of the humerus member 10 in the abnormalconnection status described below. Examples of the magnetic materialinclude iron and martensitic stainless steel.

The articular labrum member 30 has a circular shape encompassing theentire glenoid fossa 21, and has a shape similar to an articular labrumand an articular capsule of a human body. In addition, the articularlabrum member 30 is formed of material without magnetism. Accordingly,the articular labrum member 30 is not attracted to the magnet 27 of thehumerus member 10, allowing the head 20 of the humerus member 10 toslide on the articular labrum member 30 during reduction such that amovement similar to actual reduction can be reproduced. Material of thearticular labrum member 30 is not especially limited as long as it doesnot have magnetism, and rubber, synthetic resin or metals such asaluminum can be used. A screw, adhesive and the like can be used to fixthe articular labrum member 30 to the scapula member 11.

The humerus member 10 and the scapula member 11 formed in this way areconnected in a manner that the head 20 of the humerus member 10 and theglenoid fossa 21 of the scapula member 11 are movably connected to eachother at a site corresponding to a shoulder joint (scapulohumeral joint)of a human body, and therefore, they can have a normal connection statusand an abnormal connection status and reproduce a status similar toshoulder joint dislocation. Here, in the present invention, the normalconnection status refers to a status where respective bone members 3 arecoupled to one another in a status similar to a normal shoulder joint ofa human body, and in this embodiment, it refers to a status where thehead 20 of the humerus member 10 and the glenoid fossa 21 of the scapulamember 11 are coupled to each other. In the present invention, theabnormal connection status refers to a status where the respective bonemembers 3 are coupled in a status different from the aforementionednormal connection status, in other words, to a status where they arecoupled in a status similar to dislocations or fractures in a humanbody, and in this embodiment, it is a status where they are coupled in astatus similar to shoulder joint dislocation of a human body, in otherwords, a status where the head 20 of the humerus member 10 is shiftedanteriorly, posteriorly or inferiorly to the glenoid fossa 21 of thescapula member 11 to be connected off the glenoid fossa 21 of thescapula member 11.

The connection site between the scapula member 11 and the claviclemember 12 is a site corresponding to an acromioclavicular joint of ahuman body. Because this acromioclavicular joint is a strongly couplingand immovable joint because of ligaments, not allowing movability, thescapula member 11 and the clavicle member 12 are fixed coupled by ametal fixture, rubber, adhesive or the like.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged explanatory view of the connection site betweenthe clavicle member and the sternum member of FIG. 3 as seen from thefront, and FIG. 10 is a schematic explanatory view of the connectionsite between the clavicle member and the sternum member of FIG. 9 asseen from above.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the connection site between the claviclemember 12 and the sternum member 17 of the thorax member is a sitecorresponding to a sternoclavicular joint of a human body. The claviclemember 12 and the sternum member 17 are movably connected to each otherby a metal rotatable fixture 35.

The rotatable fixture 35 is a member made of metal, comprising asemicircular portion 40 of an elongated plate-like body curved into asemicircular shape, a rod-shaped axial portion 41 fixed to both ends ofthe semicircular portion 40 and inserted through an aperture formed on aproximal end of the clavicle member 12, and a pin 42 movably fixed tothe semicircular portion 40 and fixed to an end of the sternum member17. The semicircular portion 40 has, in its center, an elongate hole 46formed parallel to its longitudinal direction. The pin 42 fixed to thesternum member 17 is fixed to this elongate hole 46 such that the pin 42is movable along the longitudinal direction of the elongate hole 46. Inaddition, the clavicle member 12 is fixed to the rotatable fixture 35 ina manner to be freely pivotable about the axial portion 41. Accordingly,elevation, rotation, horizontal flexion and extension performances canbe applied to the clavicle member 12 relative to the sternum member 17.By the way, the clavicle member 12 and the sternum member 17 can bemovably connected to each other by rubber instead of this rotatablefixture 35.

FIG. 11 is a schematic explanatory view for explaining the connectionstatus between the scapula member and the rib member of FIG. 3, being aview of the scapula member as seen diagonally from the front, and FIG.12 is a schematic explanatory view for explaining the connection statusbetween the scapula member and the rib member of FIG. 3, being a lateralcross-sectional view.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the connection site between the scapulamember 11 and the rib member 16 of the thorax member is a sitecorresponding to a scapulothoracic joint of a human body. The scapulamember 11 and the rib member 16 are fixed coupled by an engagementmember 50.

The engagement member 50 is an N-shaped member having a first curvedportion curved downward from above and a second curved portion curvedupward from beneath. With the first curved portion of the engagementmember 50 engaging the rib member 16 and the second curved portionengaging the scapula member 11, the scapula member 11 and the rib member16 can be detachably fixed. In this regard, in this embodiment, theengagement member 50 is formed by bending a wire made of metal, but notlimited thereto, and it can be synthetic resin formed into theaforementioned shape. Accordingly, performances of elevation, depressionmovement, abduction movement, adduction movement, inferior rotation(rotation in a direction of a spine) and superior rotation (rotation ina direction of an axilla) can be applied to the scapula member 11relative to the rib member 16.

Next, the method for learning the reduction technique for shoulder jointdislocation using the anatomical model for training aid 1 according tothis embodiment will be described.

First, the bone members 3 of the anatomical model for training aid 1 arearranged into the abnormal connection status, that is, a status similarto shoulder joint dislocation of a human body. In this embodiment, asshown in FIG. 3, the head 20 of the humerus member 10 is positioned notto the glenoid fossa 21 of the scapula member 11, but anteriorly to theglenoid fossa 21. At this point, the head 20 of the humerus member 10attracts the anterior aspect of the scapula member 11 formed of amagnetic material by attraction force of the magnet 27 inside the head,reproducing a status similar to shoulder joint dislocation of a humanbody.

Secondly, for the humerus member 10 in the abnormal connection status,descending traction is applied to the humerus member 10, and at leastone or more reduction performances from elevation, depression movement,abduction movement, adduction movement, inferior rotation and superiorrotation are applied to the scapula member 11 so as to move the bonemembers 3 into the normal connection status. Moreover, for the scapulamember 11 in the abnormal connection status, the scapula member 11 isfixed and at least one or more reduction performances from flexion,extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotationand traction are applied to the humerus member 10 so as to move the bonemembers 3 into the normal connection status, that is, a status where thehead 20 of the humerus member 10 and the glenoid fossa 21 of the scapulamember 11 are connected. At this point, on the anterior aspect of thescapula member 11 during moving the head 20 of the humerus member 10,attraction force of the magnet 27 attracting the magnet material of thescapula member 11 allows the reproduction of a sense of resistancesimilar to the one during actual reduction. Then, approaching thearticular labrum member 30, the head 20 slides on the articular labrummember 30 because the articular labrum member 30 is made of materialwith no magnetism, and after moving past it, the magnet 27 of the head20 attracts the glenoid fossa 21 formed of a magnetic material so thatthe head 20 of the humerus member 10 and the glenoid fossa 21 of thescapula member 11 are stabilized in the normal connection status asshown in FIG. 4.

As described above, according to the method for learning the reductiontechnique for shoulder joint dislocation of the present invention, anuneven pathway with concavity and convexity to reduce a dislocated headof a humerus into a glenoid fossa of a scapula and outwardly extendingstructure of the glenoid fossa of the scapula and an articular labrum inactual reduction of shoulder joint dislocation can be reproduced on theanatomical model for training aid. This makes it possible to experiencethe movement similar to actual reduction performances where onlytraction force does not allow the head of the humerus to be reduced intothe glenoid fossa of the scapula but allows it to reach a lateral edgeof the glenoid fossa of the scapula, and rotation force and leverageforce are added to reduce it in a manner to move it beyond the lateraledge of the glenoid fossa of the scapula. In addition, if the softmember is a transparent member, it is possible to visually observeactual movement of the head of the humerus such as during Kocherreduction method, and to understand at what timing rotation should beexerted after traction and which part serves as a pivot point of a leverwhen applying leverage force. Therefore, Judo therapist can be expectedto improve their skills more than ever by practicing repeatedly.Furthermore, by using the above anatomical model for training aid or byproviding Judo therapy schools with a method for teaching the reductiontechnique adopting the method for learning the reduction technique usingthe anatomical model for training aid, not only the improvement ofskills of Judo therapists but also contribution to the improvement inJudo therapy education can be expected.

An anatomical model for training aid 1 according to a second embodimentand a method for learning a reduction technique using the anatomicalmodel for training aid 1 are basically same as the ones according to thefirst embodiment explained above, and thus they will be described with afocus on their differences. The second embodiment is different from thefirst embodiment in that the anatomical model for training aid 1according to the second embodiment does not have a ball-shaped magnet 27provided inside a head 20 of a humerus member 10 formed of a magneticmaterial such as iron and stainless as shown in FIG. 5, a magneticmaterial 31 provided in a glenoid fossa 21 of a scapula member 11 shownin FIGS. 7 and 8 is a magnet, and a magnetic material in the form of aplate provided substantially all over the anterior aspect and theposterior aspect of the scapula member 11 in a manner to follow theshape of the scapula member 11 is a magnet.

In this embodiment, although not especially illustrated, the anterioraspect of the scapula member 11 has magnets fixed to a site adjacent tothe head 20 of the humerus member 10 in an abnormal connection statusdescribed below and a site adjacent to a rib member 16. In addition, theposterior aspect of the scapula member 11 has a magnet below a sitecorresponding to a scapular spine of a human body, i.e. a site adjacentto the head 20 of the humerus member 10 in the abnormal connectionstatus described below. By configuring this way as well, a statussimilar to shoulder joint dislocation of a human body is reproduced onthe anatomical model for training aid 1, and thus the same function andeffect as the ones according to the first embodiment can be exerted. Inthis regard, if material of the humerus member 10 is a non-magneticmaterial such as synthetic resin, it may be configured to have aball-shaped magnetic material inside the head 20 of the humerus member10 as shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a humerus member of ananatomical model for training aid for learning a reduction technique forshoulder joint dislocation according to a third embodiment of thepresent invention. The anatomical model for training aid 1 according tothe third embodiment and a method for learning the reduction techniqueusing the anatomical model for training aid 1 are basically same as theones according to the first embodiment explained above, and thus theywill be described with a focus on their differences.

The third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that thehumerus member 10 according to the third embodiment comprises a mainbody of humerus member 55 not having a head 20 but having an internalthread at the base part of the head 20, and a substantially sphericalbone head member 56 having an opening and an external thread formed atthe periphery of the opening to be screwed into the internal thread. Aball-shaped magnet (not illustrated) can be inserted through the openingof the bone head member 56 to the inside, and by screwing the main bodyof humerus member 55 and the bone head member 56 together after theinsertion, the same function and effect as the ones of the humerusmember 10 according to the first embodiment can be exerted.

A fourth embodiment of the present invention relates to an anatomicalmodel for training aid for learning a reduction technique for typicaldisplacement of clavicle fracture and a method for learning thereduction technique for typical displacement of clavicle fracture usingthe same. Before starting to describe the fourth embodiment, occurrencemechanism, symptoms and typical reduction method of typical displacementof clavicle fracture assumed in this embodiment will be explainedbriefly. Concerning the occurrence mechanism, typical displacement ofclavicle fracture is often caused by falling and being struck on theshoulder hard. The symptoms of typical displacement of clavicle fractureoccur in the middle third (at a junction of middle and outer thirds) ofa clavicle (a position made by longitudinally dividing the clavicle intothree), where a proximal fragment is posterosuperiorly displaced and adistal fragment is displaced and shortened anteroinferiorly.

Typical reduction methods include a method of reduction in the supineposition and a method of reduction in the seating position. One exampleof the method of reduction in the supine position will be described. Anoperating table for clavicle reduction is adjusted to the height of abed and set up such that the upper back part of a patient will come offthe bed from its end and be properly on the operating table for claviclereduction when the patient is placed supine on the bed. The patientbends down such that his upper body reaches this position, and he isplaced supine on the operating table for reduction. With both shouldersabducted, the upper limb and the distal fragment on an affected side aresufficiently pulled in a posterior lateral superior direction such thatthe distal fragment is placed on a longitudinal axis of a proximalfragment of a clavicle. Leaving the arm in this posture for a whilealmost reduces the displacement. If the reduction is insufficient, apractitioner fixes the proximal fragment with the fingers of his onehand, and while his assistant pulls the shoulder in a posterior lateralsuperior direction so as to bring the ends of a fracture close to eachother, the practitioner grasps the fractured end of the distal bone withthe other hand and exerts direct pressure on both ends of the fractureso as to complete the reduction.

In the method of reduction in the seating position, first, a patient isplaced in the seated position, and a first assistant is positionedposteriorly to the patient with his kneecaps attached to the spine partand pulls on patient's both shoulders posterolateraly with his handsunder the both arms of the patient to remove shortening. Meanwhile, asecond assistant figures out the condition of an upper arm and a forearmof an affected limb, lifts the upper arm and a scapula superolaterallyand brings a inferiorly displaced distal fragment close to a proximalfragment. A practitioner figures out the condition of both ends of afracture with both of his hands in the same manner as the reductionmethod in the supine position, and performs reduction by applyingpressure to both bone fragments so as to align the distal fragment withthe proximal fragment.

FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing from the front theinside of an anatomical model for training aid for learning a reductiontechnique for typical displacement of clavicle fracture according to afourth embodiment of the present invention, showing a status of bonemembers arranged in an abnormal connection status, FIG. 15 is a viewcorresponding to FIG. 14, showing a status where the bone members arearranged in a normal connection status, FIG. 16 is a schematic top viewof a clavicle member of FIG. 14, FIG. 17 is a schematic front view ofthe clavicle member of FIG. 16, FIG. 18 is a view corresponding to FIG.17, showing a proximal fragment member and a distal fragment member ofthe clavicle member in an abnormal connection status, FIG. 19 is aschematic lateral cross-sectional view of the distal fragment member ofFIG. 16, FIG. 20 is a schematic lateral cross-sectional view of theproximal fragment member of FIG. 16, and FIG. 21 is a longitudinalsectional view of the clavicle member of FIG. 16. The anatomical modelfor training aid 1 for learning the reduction technique for typicaldisplacement of clavicle fracture according to the fourth embodiment anda method for learning the reduction technique using the anatomical modelfor training aid 1 are basically same as the ones according to the firstembodiment explained above, and thus they will be described with a focuson their differences.

As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the anatomical model for training aid 1 forlearning the reduction technique for typical displacement of claviclefracture according to the fourth embodiment (hereinafter referred to asanatomical model for training aid 1) is different from the one accordingto the first embodiment in that the clavicle member 12 is composed ofthe proximal fragment member 60 and the distal fragment member 61separated in the middle third of the clavicle member, and a humerusmember 10 and a scapula member 11 are connected by a rotation fixture62.

As shown in FIGS. 16, 17 and 18, the clavicle member 12 is composed ofthe proximal fragment member 60 and the distal fragment member 61separated at a separation surface 70 of the middle third of the claviclemember. It is preferred that the proximal fragment member 60 and thedistal fragment member 61 are entirely made of magnetic materials suchiron and stainless, but they can be made of synthetic resin as well.

A concave portion, not illustrated, is formed above the vicinity of theend of distal fragment member 61 on its separation surface 70 side, anda magnet 65 is contained in this concave portion. This concave portioncan be formed by cutting away the upper part of the distal fragmentmember 61 or cutting away the separation surface.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, on the sides of the separationsurface 70 of both the proximal fragment member 60 and the distalfragment member 61, plate-like bodies 66, 67 made of magnetic materialssuch as iron and stainless are respectively fixed in a manner to wraparound those members, following their outlines. This allows attractionforce of the magnet 65 to keep the proximal fragment member 60 anddistal fragment member 61 from being apart, even if the proximalfragment member 60 is displaced posterosuperiorly and the distalfragment member 61 is displaced anteroinferiorly and is shortened, andmakes it possible to reproduce typical displacement of clavicle fracturewhere a clavicle is separated in the middle third of clavicle member.

It is preferred that a square neodymium magnet is used as the magnet 65.The magnet force of the magnet 65 is preferably 1900-5500 gauss, morepreferably 2500-4500 gauss, and most preferably 3000-4000 gauss.Examples of the magnet 65 suitable for this embodiment include a onebeing a 20 mm×10 mm sized square, having 3530 gauss and havingattraction force of 4.58 kg. In this regard, it is preferred that themagnet 65 is not exposed on the separation surface 70 and has aninterposing plate-like body such as made of iron. This prevents themagnet 65 from being broken when contacting the proximal fragment member60.

As shown in FIG. 21, the proximal fragment member 60 and the distalfragment member 61 respectively have a convex portion 75 and a concaveportion 76 with shapes corresponding to each other, formed on theseparation surface 70. This makes it possible to set positions of theproximal fragment member 60 and the distal fragment member 61 to such adegree to allow movability at the position where they are moved from theabnormal connection status into the normal connection status byreduction performance, and therefore it becomes possible to confirmwhether appropriate reduction performance has been applied or not. Inaddition, there is an advantage of being closer to actual reductionbecause an actual site of a fracture is uneven and has concavity andconvexity. In this regard, the convex portion 75 and the concave portion76 can have shapes with more gradually curved surfaces as long as theirpositions can be set, or a spring hook allowing easy recognition ofposition setting can be provided instead.

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 14, the humerus member 10 and the scapulamember 11 are movably connected to each other by a rotatable fixture 62.This rotatable fixture 62 is a member made of metal, comprising asemicircular portion made of an elongated plate-like body curved into asemicircular shape, a rod-shaped axial portion fixed to both ends of thesemicircular portion and inserted through an aperture formed on the headof the humerus member, and a pin 42 movably fixed to the semicircularportion 40 and fixed to a glenoid fossa 20 of the scapula member 11. Theshape and structure of the rotatable fixture 62 are basically same asthe aforementioned rotatable fixture 35, and thus they will not bedescribed repeatedly. In this regard, the humerus member 10 and thescapula member 11 can be movably connected to each other by rubberinstead of this rotatable fixture 62.

Next, the method for learning the reduction technique for typicaldisplacement of clavicle fracture using the anatomical model fortraining aid 1 according to this embodiment will be described.

First, bone members 3 of the anatomical model for training aid 1 arearranged in an abnormal connection status, that is, a status similar totypical displacement of clavicle fracture of a human body. In thisembodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, the end of the proximal fragment member60 on its separation surface 70 side is shifted posterosuperiorly to thedistal fragment member 61, and the end of the distal fragment member 61on its separation surface 70 side is shifted in a direction anteriormedial inferior to the proximal fragment member 60. At this point,because the upper part of the distal fragment member 61 contains themagnet 65 as shown in FIG. 18, the attraction force of the magnet 65maintains the status of the proximal fragment member 60 and the distalfragment member 61 with the end of the proximal fragment member 60 onits separation surface 70 side shifted posterosuperiorly to the distalfragment member 61, and with the end of the distal fragment member 61 onits separation surface 70 side shifted in a direction anterior medialinferior to the proximal fragment member 60. Accordingly, a statussimilar to typical displacement of clavicle fracture of a human body canbe reproduced on the anatomical model for training aid 1.

Next, at least one or more reduction performances from flexion,extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotationand traction are applied to the humerus member 10 at a connecting sitebetween the scapula member 11 and the humerus member 10 arranged in theabnormal connection status, at least one or more reduction performancesfrom elevation, depression movement, abduction movement, adductionmovement, inferior rotation and superior rotation are applied to thescapula member 11 on the scapula member 11 and the thorax member,furthermore, at least one or more reduction performances from fixation,elevation, rotation, horizontal flexion and extension are applied to theproximal fragment member 60 of the clavicle member 12 on the proximalfragment member 60 and the thorax member, and reduction performance ofexerting direct pressure is applied to both ends of the proximalfragment member 60 and the distal fragment member 61, such that theproximal fragment member 60 and the distal fragment member 61 are movedinto a normal connection status as shown in FIG. 15, that is, a statuswhere they have the same shape as a normal clavicle. When the proximalfragment member 60 and the distal fragment member 61 are put into thenormal connection status, the convex portion 75 and the concave portion76 formed on the separation surface 70 of both members are engaged witheach other, thereby setting their positions, so as to make it possibleto recognize that proximal fragment member 60 and the distal fragmentmember 61 are engaged together in the normal connection status.

FIG. 22 is a schematic top view of a clavicle member of an anatomicalmodel for training aid for learning a reduction technique for typicaldisplacement of clavicle fracture according to a fifth embodiment of thepresent invention, FIG. 23 is a schematic front view of the claviclemember of FIG. 22, and FIG. 24 is a view corresponding to FIG. 23,showing a proximal fragment member and a distal fragment member of theclavicle member in an abnormal connection status. The anatomical modelfor training aid 1 for learning the reduction technique for typicaldisplacement of clavicle fracture according to the fifth embodiment anda method for learning the reduction technique using the anatomical modelfor training aid 1 are basically same as the ones according to thefourth embodiment explained above, and thus they will be described witha focus on their differences.

As shown in FIGS. 22, 23 and 24, an anatomical model for training aid 1for learning the reduction technique for typical displacement ofclavicle fracture according to the fifth embodiment (hereinafterreferred to as anatomical model for training aid 1) is different fromthe one according to the fourth embodiment in that a magnet 65 iscontained below the vicinity of the end of a proximal fragment member 60on a separation surface 70 side thereof, not of a distal fragment member61. This allows a status similar to typical displacement of claviclefracture of a human body to be reproduced on the anatomical model fortraining aid 1, and the same function and effect as the ones accordingto the fourth embodiment can be exerted.

FIG. 25 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a claviclemember of an anatomical model for training aid for learning a reductiontechnique for typical displacement of clavicle fracture according to asixth embodiment of the present invention. The anatomical model fortraining aid 1 for learning the reduction technique for typicaldisplacement of clavicle fracture according to the sixth embodiment anda method for learning the reduction technique using the anatomical modelfor training aid 1 are basically same as the ones according to thefourth embodiment explained earlier, and thus they will be describedwith a focus on their differences.

As shown in FIG. 25, the anatomical model for training aid 1 forlearning the reduction technique for typical displacement of claviclefracture according to the sixth embodiment (hereinafter referred to asanatomical model for training aid 1) is different from the fourthembodiment in that caps 80, 81 made of a magnetic material such as ironand stainless for covering the respective ends of a proximal fragmentmember 60 and a distal fragment member 61 on their separation surface 70sides are mounted on this anatomical model for training aid 1. Theproximal fragment member 60 and the distal fragment member 61 are cutaway at their respective ends on the side of their separation surface 70such that the caps 80, 81 can be attached thereto, and the caps 80, 81are fixed with their concave portions fitted onto the respective ends ofthe proximal fragment member 60 and the distal fragment member 61 ontheir separation surface 70 sides. They can be fixed by adhesive and thelike. In addition, the concave portion of the cap 81 has a magnet 65embedded therein beforehand, and magnet 65 is arranged on the distalfragment member 61 on its separation surface 70 side by attaching thecap 81 onto the distal fragment member 61. Accordingly, the magnet 65provided on the end of distal fragment member 61 on its separationsurface 70 side does not directly contact the end of the proximalfragment member 60 on its separation surface 70 side, providing theadvantage that the magnet 65 is break-proof. In this regard, the magnet65 can be configured by being embedded in the concave portion of the cap80, instead of the cap 81.

As described above, according to the method for learning the reductiontechnique for typical displacement of clavicle fracture of the presentinvention, it is possible to experience the movement similar to actualreduction performance for typical displacement of clavicle fracture. Inaddition, when the soft member is a transparent member, actual movementof bone members during reduction, etc. can be observed visually.Furthermore, Judo therapist can be expected to improve their skills morethan ever because it is possible to practice repeatedly. Furthermore, byusing the above anatomical model for training aid or by providing Judotherapy schools with a method of teaching reduction techniques adoptingthe method for learning the reduction techniques using the anatomicalmodel for training aid, not only the improvement of skills of Judotherapists but also contribution to the improvement in Judo therapyeducation can be expected.

A seventh embodiment of the present invention relates to an anatomicalmodel for training aid for learning a reduction technique forsupracondylar fracture of humerus and a method for learning thereduction technique for supracondylar fracture of humerus using thesame. Before starting to describe the seventh embodiment, occurrencemechanism, symptoms and reduction method of supracondylar fracture ofhumerus will be explained briefly.

Supracondylar fracture of humerus is a fracture which occurs above andwithin 2 cm proximal to epicondylus medialis humeri and epicondyluslateralis humeri at the distal end of a humerus. Because a humerussupracondylar portion is a location where the humerus being proximallycircular in cross-section transitions to a triangular shape in a distaldirection and it is a mechanically weak section, it is prone tofracture. It can be classified into an extension type and a flexion typedepending on occurrence mechanism, and the extension type fracture ismostly the case.

(Occurrence Mechanism and Symptoms)

The extension type fracture occurs due to a strong anterior-projectingflexion force exerted on an elbow part when falling on a hand with anelbow joint in an extended position. Its bone fragment displacement is adisplacement of a distal fragment moved in either of posterior, medial,lateral, internally rotating, externally rotating or shorteningdirection relative to a proximal fragment. The flexion type fractureoccurs due to posterior-projecting flexion force exerted on a distal endof a humerus when falling on a cubital region with the elbow joint in aflexed position. Its bone fragment displacement is a displacement of thedistal fragment moved in either of anterior, medial, lateral, internallyrotating, externally rotating or shortening direction relative to theproximal fragment.

(Reduction Method)

In the case of the extension type fracture, first, a patient is placedon a bed in the supine position to apply abduction to the patient'sshoulder joint. (1) While having an assistant hold a brachial region, apractitioner grasps patient's lower end of the humerus in one hand andgrasps patient's forearm in the other hand, and slowly applies distaltraction so as to reduce shortening. (2) While maintaining the traction,the practitioner uses his hand on the lower end of the humerus to reducesideways displacement (medial or lateral) and rotation displacement(internal rotation or external rotation). (3) While maintaining thetraction, the practitioner places his thumb on the olecranon part, andhis other four fingers anterior to the proximal fragment. With his thumbpressing the olecranon forward while gripping the proximal fragment withhis four fingers, he puts the forearm into a pronated position or asupinated position depending on a direction of the bone fragmentdisplacement and gradually flexes the elbow joint from 90 degrees to 110degrees so as to reduce the posterior displacement, thereby completingthe reduction. In the case of the flexion type fracture, a reductionmethod is same as the extension type fracture with respect to theposition of a patient, abduction of shoulder joint, and assistant fixingthe brachial region, except that a practitioner flexes an elbow joint toreduce shortening, sideways displacement (medial or lateral) androtation displacement (internal rotation or external rotation), andpresses a distal fragment backward to reduce anterior displacement,thereby completing the reduction.

FIG. 26 is a schematic side view of a proximal fragment member and adistal fragment member of a humerus member of the anatomical model fortraining aid for learning the reduction technique for supracondylarfracture of humerus according to the seventh embodiment of the presentinvention being in a normal connection status, and FIG. 27 is aschematic lateral cross-sectional view of the proximal fragment memberof FIG. 26, FIG. 28 is a schematic side view of the proximal fragmentmember and the distal fragment member of FIG. 26 being in a status ofthe extension type fracture, and FIG. 29 is a schematic side view of theproximal fragment member and the distal fragment member of FIG. 26 beingin a status of the flexion type fracture. The anatomical model fortraining aid for learning the reduction technique for supracondylarfracture of humerus according to the seventh embodiment and the methodfor learning the reduction technique using the anatomical model fortraining aid are basically same as the ones according to the firstembodiment explained earlier, and thus they will be described with afocus on their differences.

As shown in those drawings, the anatomical model for training aid forlearning the reduction technique for supracondylar fracture of humerusaccording to the seventh embodiment (hereinafter referred to asanatomical model for training aid) comprises a humerus member 90, aforearm bone member (not illustrated) and a carpal, metacarpal andphalange member (not illustrated), wherein the humerus member 90 iscomposed of a proximal fragment member 91 and a distal fragment member92, and the proximal fragment member 91 has a magnet 93 inside thereofon the side of its separation surface.

Although not especially illustrated, the humerus member 90, the forearmbone member and the carpal, metacarpal and phalange member respectivelyhave shapes similar to a humerus, a forearm bone and carpals,metacarpals and phalanges, and have arrangement relationship similar tohuman bones. In addition, the humerus member 90 and the forearm bonemember are movably connected to each other, the forearm bone member andthe carpal, metacarpal and phalange member are movably connected to eachother, and each member is configured to have the same range ofmovability same as the range of motion of a human body.

As shown in FIG. 26, the humerus member 90 is composed of the proximalfragment member 91 and the distal fragment member 92, and the proximalfragment member 91 and the distal fragment member 92 are separated aboveand in the vicinity of an epicondylus medialis humeri and an epicondyluslateralis humeri at the distal end of the humerus. In order to reproducethe supracondylar fracture of humerus more precisely, it is preferredthat the separation is located above and within 2 cm proximal to theepicondylus medialis humeri and the epicondylus lateralis humeri at thedistal end of the humerus. The separation surface between the proximalfragment member 91 and the distal fragment member 92 is substantiallyplanar, and putting both members together with one member on the othermakes the humerus member 90 where a humerus in a normal condition isreproduced. In this regard, the separation surface is not limited to aplane, but it can be a surface with concavity and convexity.

The proximal fragment member 91 can be made of a magnetic material suchas iron and stainless or synthetic resin, and it can also be made ofcombinations thereof.

As shown in FIG. 26 and FIG. 27, the proximal fragment member 91 has amagnet 93 inside in the vicinity of its distal end on the separationsurface side. The magnet 93 is contained in a hole formed on theseparation surface of the proximal fragment member 91, which is sealedwith a cover material (not illustrated). Mounting of a magnet to theproximal fragment member is not limited to this, and various mountingmethods can be adopted such as fixing from outside of the proximalfragment member using a known fixing means such as a screw.

Moreover, the distal fragment member 92 is entirely formed of a magneticmaterial such as iron and stainless, but not limited thereto. The distalfragment member 92 can be formed from synthetic resin such as polyvinylchloride and be provided with magnetic material member such as iron andstainless fixed on or in the vicinity of the separation surfaceseparating from the proximal fragment member 91. Accordingly, attractionforce of the magnet prevents the proximal fragment member 91 and thedistal fragment member 92 from being apart when the distal fragmentmember 92 is displaced relative to the proximal fragment member 91, andthus the extension type fracture and the flexion type fracture ofsupracondylar fracture of humerus can be reproduced on the anatomicalmodel for training aid.

Type, magnet force, shape or size of the magnet 93 is not especiallylimited, and various magnets that allow displacement within such rangeto keep the proximal fragment member 91 and the distal fragment member92 from being apart can be used.

Next, the method for learning the reduction technique for supracondylarfracture of humerus using the anatomical model for training aidaccording to this embodiment will be described.

First, the bone members of the anatomical model for training aid arearranged in an abnormal connection status, that is, a status similar tosupracondylar fracture of humerus of a human body. In this embodiment,the separation surface of the distal fragment member 92 is misalignedfrom the separation surface of the proximal fragment member 91. At thispoint, by shifting the distal fragment member 92 posteriorly to theproximal fragment member 91 (to the left in FIG. 26), a status of adisplaced extension-type fractures can be reproduced as shown in FIG.28, and conversely, by shifting the distal fragment member 92 anteriorlyto the proximal fragment member 91 (to the right in FIG. 26), a statusof displaced flexion type of fracture can be reproduced as shown in FIG.29. Because a magnet 93 is contained inside in the vicinity of theseparation surface of the proximal fragment member 91 and the distalfragment member 92 is formed of a magnetic material, attraction force ofthe magnet keeps the proximal the bone fragment member 91 and the distalfragment member 92 in the abnormal connection status but from beingapart. This allows a status similar to supracondylar fracture of humerusof a human body to be reproduced on the anatomical model for trainingaid.

Next, the proximal fragment member 91 is fixed and at least one or morereduction performance from traction, medial movement, lateral movement,internal rotation, external rotation, anterior movement, posteriormovement are applied to the distal fragment member 92 such that theproximal fragment member 91 and the distal fragment member 92 arrangedin the abnormal connection status are moved into the normal connectionstatus, that is, a status where they have the same shape as a normalhumerus.

By configuring the anatomical model for training aid as described aboveand by learning the reduction technique using the anatomical model fortraining aid, function and effect of the present invention can beexerted in the same manner as the first embodiment.

An anatomical model for training aid for learning a reduction techniquefor supracondylar fracture of humerus according to an eighth embodimentand a method for learning the reduction technique using the anatomicalmodel for training aid are basically same as the ones according to theseventh embodiment explained above, and thus they will be described witha focus on their differences.

Although not especially illustrated, the anatomical model for trainingaid for learning the reduction technique for supracondylar fracture ofhumerus according to the eighth embodiment (hereinafter referred to asanatomical model for training aid) is different from the one accordingto the seventh embodiment in that a proximal fragment member of ahumerus member is formed of epoxy resin containing neodymium magnetpowder. Neodymium magnet powder has only to be contained in epoxy resinto such a degree that the proximal fragment member is attracted to thedistal fragment member. By configuring the proximal fragment member ofthe humerus member in this manner, the same function and effect as theseventh embodiment can be exerted.

A ninth embodiment of the present invention relates to an anatomicalmodel for training aid which makes it possible to learn a reductiontechnique for anterior temporomandibular joint dislocation and a methodfor learning the reduction technique using the anatomical model fortraining aid. Before starting to describe the ninth embodiment,occurrence mechanism, symptoms and reduction method of anteriortemporomandibular joint dislocation will be explained briefly.

A skull is a part of a skeleton located at the uppermost part of a body,and it is not made of a single bone, but composed of 23 skull bones of15 types if disassembled. Connections in the skull are made securely,except for a mandibular bone and a hyoid bone, and the mandibular bonefunctions in a movable connection with the skull by a temporomandibularjoint. The temporomandibular joint is a joint between a temporal boneand the mandibular bone, where a mandibular fossa of the temporal boneand a mandibular condyle of the mandibular bone are coupled, and thereare an articular tubercle prominent at an anterior edge of themandibular fossa and an articular disk, a fibrous disk, between themandibular fossa and the mandibular condyle.

(Occurrence Mechanism and Symptoms)

Temporomandibular joint dislocation is a condition of as is referred toas a jaw out of place, where a structure of the mandibular condyle, themandibular fossa, the articular tubercle and the articular disk, etc. ofthe temporomandibular joint loses normal relative positionalrelationship and comes out of physiological range of motion such thattheir functions are disabled, and normally, the mandibular condylelargely comes off the mandibular fossa, escaping and displacedanteriorly to the articular tubercle. It is caused by opening a mouseexcessively such as during yawning or an external force accompanying afracture, etc. Depending on its direction, dislocation can be classifiedinto anterior dislocation (bilateral dislocation or unilateraldislocation), posterior dislocation, sideways dislocation and the like,but posterior and sideways dislocations are associated with fractures,and normally, anterior dislocation is mostly the case.

(Reduction Method)

Methods of reducing anterior dislocation include an intraoral approachand an extraoral approach. In the case of the intraoral approach, (1) apatient is placed in the supine position or in the seated position, withthe patient's head part held in the prone position. (2) A practitionerwraps gauze around both of his thumbs and puts them into the mouth ofthe patient, places his pads of the thumbs on right and left molarteeth, with his other four fingers griping the mandibular bone fromoutside the mouth. (3) By slowly pressing the molar teeth downward withboth of his thumb pads and further pressing them in a manner to guidingthem backward without easing the pressure, a feel of the articular headbeing slightly withdrawn into (the mandibular fossa) is sensed. At thispoint, by manipulating the gripped lower mandible anterosuperiorly in amanner to scoop it up, the dislocation is reduced. In the case of theextraoral approach, (1) a patient is placed in the supine position orthe seated position. (2) If the patient is in the supine position, apractitioner sits on his knees with the patient's back of the head onhis lap, bends the patient's head forward, and grips the area from amandibular angle to a mandibular body part of the patient with his rightand left thenar eminences in a manner to closely attach. If the patientis placed in the seated position, the practitioner stands behind thepatient so that his body contacts the back part of the patient. Next, hegrips the area from the mandibular angle to the mandibular body partwith his right and left thenar eminences in a manner to closely attach,and bends the patient's head forward. (3) As he slowly presses themandibular body anteroinferiorly without easing the grip of his thenareminences, the mouse opens more widely and a sense of resistanceincreases. At this point, by elevating the jaw part with his otherfingers and manipulating to close the mouth, the dislocation is reduced.

FIG. 30 is a schematic side view of a connected skull member and amandibular member of the anatomical model for training aid for learningthe reduction technique for anterior temporomandibular joint dislocationaccording to the ninth embodiment of the present invention in a normalconnection status, and FIG. 31 is a schematic side view of the connectedskull member and the mandibular member of FIG. 30 in a status ofanterior temporomandibular joint dislocation. The anatomical model fortraining aid for learning the reduction technique for anteriortemporomandibular joint dislocation according to the ninth embodimentand the method for learning the reduction technique using the anatomicalmodel for training aid are basically same as the ones according to thefirst embodiment explained above, and thus they will be described with afocus on their differences.

As shown in FIG. 30 and FIG. 31, the anatomical model for training aidfor learning the reduction technique for anterior temporomandibularjoint dislocation according to the ninth embodiment (hereinafterreferred to as anatomical model for training aid) is provided with theconnected skull member 100 and the mandibular member 101. In thisregard, the connected skull member 100 has a shape similar to the oneformed by bones excluding the mandibular bone and the hyoid bone among23 skull bones of 15 types firmly coupled to one another. In addition,the mandibular member 101 has a shape similar to the mandibular bone.Those bone members have arrangement relationship similar to human bones.Furthermore, the connected skull member 100 and the mandibular member101 are movably connected to each other by attraction force of a magnetthat will be described below, and each member is configured in a mannerto have the same range of movability as the range of motion of a humanbody.

Although not especially illustrated, a soft member being made of rubbermaterial in a form of a so-called mask covering a facial surface andhead part, especially having a mouth opening and being removable withrespect to the bone members is suitably used.

The connected skull member 100 has magnets 102 a, 102 b respectivelyfixed at two sites corresponding to the mandibular fossa and an anteriorarticular tubercle of the temporal bone. A method of mounting themagnets 102 a, 102 b to the connected skull member 100 is not especiallylimited, and various mounting methods can be employed such as fixingfrom outside of the connected skull member 100 by using a known fixingmeans such as a screw, but it is preferred that the magnets 102 a, 102 bare fixed by being embedded into concave portions formed on theconnected skull member 100 to keep them from protruding from the bonemember. The connected skull member 100 can be made of a magneticmaterial such as iron and stainless or synthetic resin, but it ispreferred that the connected skull member 100 is made of syntheticresin, if the magnets 102 a, 102 b are mounted thereto.

In addition, the mandibular member 101 has a site corresponding to themandibular condyle, i.e. a site contacting the mandibular fossa and theanterior articular tubercle of the connected skull member 100, formed ofa magnetic material member 103 such as iron and stainless, etc. In thisregard, a method for mounting the magnetic material member 103 to themandibular member 101 is not limited to this, and the mandibular member101 can be formed from synthetic resin such as polyvinyl chloride, witha magnetic material member such as iron and stainless fixed to its sitecontacting the mandibular fossa and the anterior articular tubercle ofthe connected skull member 100. Accordingly, attraction force of themagnet keeps the mandibular member 101 and the connected skull member100 from being apart when displacing the mandibular member 101 relativeto the connected skull member 100, and thus anterior temporomandibularjoint dislocation can be reproduced on the anatomical model for trainingaid.

Type, magnet force, shape or size of the magnets 102 a, 102 b is notespecially limited, and various magnets that allow displacement withinsuch range to keep the mandibular member 101 and the connected skullmember 100 from being apart can be used.

Next, the method for learning the reduction technique for anteriortemporomandibular joint dislocation using the anatomical model fortraining aid according to this embodiment will be described.

First, the bone members of the anatomical model for training aid arearranged in an abnormal connection status, that is, a status similar toanterior temporomandibular joint dislocation of a human body. In thisembodiment, as shown in FIG. 31, the mandibular member 101 is misalignedfrom the connected skull member 100 anteriorly. Because the magnet 102 bis fixed at the anterior articular tubercle of the connected skullmember 100 and the mandibular member 101 has a site corresponding to themandibular condyle contacting the magnet 102 b, formed of a magneticmaterial member 103, attraction force of the magnet keeps the mandibularmember 101 and the connected skull member 100 in the abnormal connectionstatus but from being apart. Accordingly, a status similar to anteriortemporomandibular joint dislocation of a human body is reproduced on theanatomical model for training aid.

Next, by applying at least one or more reduction performances fromanterior, posterior, superior, inferior, rightward and leftwardmovements to the mandibular member 101 relative to the connected skullmember 100, or by applying at least one or more reduction performancesfrom rightward movement, leftward movement, superior movement, inferiormovement, rightward lateral flexion and leftward lateral flexion to thefacial surface part of the connected skull member 100 relative to themandibular member 101, the connected skull member 100 and the mandibularmember 101 arranged in the abnormal connection status of anteriortemporomandibular joint dislocation are moved into the normal connectionstatus, i.e. a state where they have the same shape as a normaltemporomandibular joint. Then the magnetic material member 103 of themandibular member 101 is attracted to the magnet 102 a fixed in thevicinity of the mandibular fossa of the connected skull member 100 andthe connected skull member 100 and the mandibular member 101 arestabilized in a normal status.

By configuring the anatomical model for training aid as described aboveand learning the reduction technique by using the anatomical model fortraining aid, the function and effect of the present invention can beexerted in the same manner as the first embodiment.

FIG. 32 is a schematic side view of a connected skull member and anarticular disc member of an anatomical model for training aid forlearning a reduction technique for anterior temporomandibular jointdislocation according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention ina normal connection status and FIG. 33 is a schematic side view of theconnected skull member and the articular disc member of FIG. 32 in astatus of anterior temporomandibular joint dislocation.

The anatomical model for training aid for learning the reductiontechnique for anterior temporomandibular joint dislocation according tothe tenth embodiment and a method for learning the reduction techniqueusing the anatomical model for training aid are basically the same asthe ones according to the ninth embodiment described earlier, and thusthey will be described with a focus on their differences.

As shown in FIG. 32 and FIG. 33, the anatomical model for training aidfor learning the reduction technique for anterior temporomandibularjoint dislocation according to the tenth embodiment (hereinafterreferred to as anatomical model for training aid) is different from theone according to the ninth embodiment in that the articular disc member104 is further provided between the connected skull member 100 and amandibular member 101.

The articular disc member 104 has a shape similar to an articular diskhaving a thick posterior portion, a narrowed middle portion and a thickanterior portion, and because the articular disk is fibrous tissue withelasticity, it is preferred that the articular disc member 104 is formedof flexible material such as rubber.

The articular disc member 104 has magnetic material members 105 a, 105 bfixed on its thick posterior portion and thick anterior portion on theside of the connected skull member 100. The magnetic material members105 a, 105 b can be magnets. Accordingly, the connected skull member 100and the articular disc member 104 are movably connected to each other.On the other hand, the magnetic material members 105 a, 105 b are notfixed to the thick posterior portion and the thick anterior portion ofthe articular disc member 104 on the side of the mandibular member 101.Therefore, the mandibular member 101 and the articular disc member 104are in a status where they can move independently from each other. Inaddition, it is preferred that the magnetic material members 105 a, 105b are not fixed on the middle narrowed portion. Accordingly, thearticular disc member 104 can be bent over at the narrowed middleportion having flexibility.

By configuring in this manner, as shown in FIG. 33, misaligning themandibular member 101 from the connected skull member 100 anteriorlyallows the articular disc member 104 to shift anteriorly as well, andthe magnet 102 b of the anterior articular tubercle of the connectedskull member 100 and the magnetic material members 105 a, 105 b of thearticular disc member 104 are secured by attraction force of the magnet,so as to keep the articular disc member 104 and the connected skullmember 100 in the abnormal connection status but from being apart.Accordingly, a status similar to anterior temporomandibular jointdislocation of a human body is reproduced on the anatomical model fortraining aid. Moreover, upon moving the articular disc member 104 andthe connected skull member 100 into the normal connection status, inother words, a status where they have the same shape as a normaltemporomandibular joint, by applying the aforementioned reductionperformances, the magnetic material members 105 a, 105 b of thearticular disc member 104 are attracted to the magnet 102 a fixed in thevicinity of a mandibular fossa of the connected skull member 100 so thatthe connected skull member 100 and the articular disc member 104 arestabilized in the normal status.

As described above, according to the anatomical model for training aidaccording to this embodiment, reduction performances can be applied tothe connected skull member 100 and the mandibular member 101 with thearticular disc member 104 removed during the reduction performance.Moreover, for learning the mechanism inhibiting anterior mandibularjoint dislocation and its reduction, it is possible to reproduce thesituation where the articular disc member 104 and the mandibular condyleof the mandibular member 101 are displaced anteriorly beyond thearticular tubercle of the connected skull member 100 and the reductionis performed posteriorly during the dislocation and its reduction, bymounting the articular disc member 104 between the connected skullmember 100 and the mandibular member 101. Therefore, a highly practicalmethod for learning the reduction technique for anteriortemporomandibular joint dislocation can be provided.

By the way, in each of the above embodiments, the magnets and/or themagnetic materials are mounted on or contained in the bone membersformed beforehand, but not limited thereto. A bone member formed with amagnet and/or a magnetic material embedded therein by pouring syntheticresin into a mold where the magnet has been placed for forming the bonemember can be used as well. This makes a metal part for mounting themagnet and/or the magnetic material unnecessary, makes it easy tomanufacture and allows the shape of the bone member to be similar to theshape of a skeleton. Furthermore, if the magnet and/or the magneticmaterial is buried inside the bone member, the magnet and/or themagnetic material is in a protected status without being exposed on thesurface of the bone member, and thus there is an advantage of becominghard to crack. A method for manufacturing such bone member is notespecially limited, but its examples include a method of forming thesame by temporarily securing the magnet and/or the magnetic materialwith high-viscosity synthetic resin at a desired position in a mold andthen pouring low-viscosity synthetic resin.

EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS

-   -   1 Anatomical model for training aid (for learning reduction        techniques)    -   2 Soft member    -   3 Bone member    -   6 a, 6 b Attachment parts    -   10 Humerus member    -   11 Scapula member    -   12 Clavicle member    -   16 Rib member    -   17 Sternum member    -   20 Bone head part    -   21 Glenoid fossa    -   25 a, 25 b Proximal humerus members    -   26 Humerus shaft member    -   27 Magnet    -   28 Engagement Convex portion    -   29 Engagement Concave portion    -   30 Articular labrum member    -   31 Magnetic material    -   35 Rotatable fixture    -   40 Semicircular portion    -   41 Axial portion    -   42 Pin    -   45 Aperture    -   46 Elongate hole    -   50 Engagement member    -   55 Main body of humerus member    -   56 Bone head member    -   60 Proximal fragment member    -   61 Distal fragment member    -   62 Rotatable fixture    -   65 Magnet    -   66, 67 Plate-like bodies    -   70 Separation surface    -   75 Convex portion    -   76 Concave portion    -   80 Cap    -   81 Cap    -   90 Humerus member    -   91 Proximal fragment member    -   92 Distal fragment member    -   93 Magnet    -   100 Connected skull member    -   101 Mandibular member    -   102 a, 102 b Magnets    -   103 Magnetic material member    -   104 Articular disc member    -   105 a, 105 b Magnetic material members

What is claimed is:
 1. An anatomical model for training aid for learninga reduction technique for anterior temporomandibular joint dislocationwhich comprises hard bone members comprising at least a connected skullmember and a mandibular member having arrangement relationship similarto human bones, wherein the connected skull member and the mandibularmember are movably connected to each other, a site of the connectedskull member contacting the mandibular member is at least partiallyformed of a magnet or a magnetic material while a side of the mandibularmember contacting the connected skull member is provided with a magnet,or a side of the connected skull member contacting the mandibular memberis provided with a magnet while a site of the mandibular membercontacting the connected skull member is at least partially formed of amagnetic material, and there are at least two connection statusesincluding a normal connection status where the connected skull memberand the mandibular member are connected so as to have the same shape asa normal temporomandibular joint and an abnormal connection status wherethey are connected in a status similar to anterior temporomandibularjoint dislocation.
 2. The anatomical model for training aid for learninga reduction technique for anterior temporomandibular joint dislocationaccording to claim 1, further comprising an articular disc memberbetween the connected skull member and the mandibular member, theconnected skull member and the articular disc member being movablyconnected to each other, the mandibular member and the articular discmember being movable independently from each other, a site of theconnected skull member contacting the articular disc member being atleast partially formed of a magnet or a magnetic material while a sideof the articular disc member contacting the connected skull member beingprovided with a magnet, or a side of the connected skull membercontacting the articular disc member being provided with a magnet whilea site of the articular disc member contacting the connected skullmember being at least partially formed of a magnetic material, and therebeing at least two connection statuses including a normal connectionstatus where the connected skull member and the articular disc memberare connected so as to have the same shape as a normal temporomandibularjoint, and an abnormal connection status where they are connected in astatus similar to anterior temporomandibular joint dislocation.
 3. Theanatomical model of claim 1, further comprising an articular disc memberformed of flexible material and provided between said connected skullmember and said mandibular member, wherein said articular disc membercomprises magnets or magnetic material members on a side of saidconnected skull member.